10 medical research papers suggested by Samuel Hume

Samuel Hume, Fellow at The Foulkes Foundation, shared a post on X:

”The 10 biggest medical research papers from this week (in my opinion!)

1. The mTOR inhibitor, Rapamycin, extends lifespan in healthy mice, as does the MEK inhibitor, Trametinib.
   Combining both together boosts mice lifespan by ∼30%.
   A combination of the geroprotectors trametinib and rapamycin is more effective than either drug alone.
   Authors: Lisonia Gkioni, Tobias Nespital, Carolina Monzo, Jitin Bali, Taim Nassr, Anna Lena Cremer, Andreas Beyer, Heiko Backes, Sebastian Gronke, Linda Partridge.
   
2. A twice-yearly injectable anti-retroviral, Lenacapavir, protected 100% of people from HIV, and circumvented adherence issues with daily PrEP pills.
   Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir or Daily F/TAF for HIV Prevention in Cisgender Women.
   Authors: Linda-Gail Bekker, Moupali Das, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Khatija Ahmed, Joanne Batting, William Brumskine, Katherine Gill, Ishana Harkoo, Manjeetha Jaggernath, Godfrey Kigozi, Noah Kiwanuka, Philip Kotze, Limakatso Lebina, Cheryl E. Louw, Moelo Malahleha, Mmatsie Manentsa, Leila E. Mansoor, Dhayendre Moodley, Vimla Naicker, Logashvari Naidoo, Megeshinee Naidoo, Gonasagrie Nair, Nkosiphile Ndlovu, Thesla Palanee-Phillips, Ravindre Panchia, Saresha Pillay, Disebo Potloane, Pearl Selepe, Nishanta Singh, Yashna Singh, Elizabeth Spooner, Amy M. Ward, Zwelethu Zwane, Ramin Ebrahimi, Yang Zhao, Alexander Kintu, Chris Deaton, Christoph C. Carter, Jared M. Baeten, Flavia Matovu Kiweewa.
   
   
3. Vaccination against shingles, in older people, is associated with a lower risk of dementia.
   The recombinant shingles vaccine is associated with lower risk of dementia.
   Authors: Maxime Taquet, Quentin Dercon, John A. Todd, Paul J. Harrison.
   
   
4. A new method for identifying bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity in sepsis – without blood cultures – cut the time needed from 72 to 24 hours.
   Blood culture-free ultra-rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
   Authors: Tae Hyun Kim, Junwon Kang, Haewook Jang, Hyelyn Joo, Gi Yoon Lee, Hamin Kim, Untack Cho, Hyeeun Bang, Jisung Jang, Sangkwon Han, Dong Young Kim, Chan Mi Lee, Chang Kyung Kang, Pyoeng Gyun Choe, Nam Joong Kim, Myoung-don Oh, Taek Soo Kim, Inho Kim, Wan Beom Park, Sunghoon Kwon.
   
   
5. In up to 5% of cancers, we don’t know which organ the cancer started in. This randomised trial used a 90-gene expression assay to identify the source organ and guide site-specific therapy. This improved survival vs. generic therapy.
   Site-specific therapy guided by a 90-gene expression assay versus empirical chemotherapy in patients with cancer of unknown primary (Fudan CUP-001): a randomised controlled trial.
   Authors: Xin Liu, Xiaowei Zhang, Shiyu Jiang, Miao Mo, Qifeng Wang, Yanli Wang, Liangping Zhou, Silong Hu, Huijuan Yang, Yifeng Hou, Yong Chen, Xueguan Lu, Yu Wang, Xiaoyan Zhou, Wentao Li, Cai Chang, Xiujiang Yang, Ke Chen, Jun Cao, Qinghua Xu, Yifeng Sun, Jianfeng Luo, Zhiguo Luo, Xichun Hu.
   
   
6. Stroke causes cardiac dysfunction via an inflammatory response. In mice, repurposing the HIV drug, Cenicriviroc, prevented this, and rescued heart function after ischaemic stroke.
   Innate immune memory after brain injury drives inflammatory cardiac dysfunction.
   Authors: Alba Simats, Sijia Zhang, Denise Messerer, Faye Chong, Sude Beşkardeş, Aparna Sharma Chivukula, Jiayu Cao, Simon Besson-Girard, Felipe A. Montellano, Caroline Morbach, Olga Carofiglio, Alessio Ricci, Stefan Roth, Gemma Llovera, Rashween Singh, Yiming Chen, Severin Filser, Nikolaus Plesnila, Christian Braun, Hannah Spitzer, Ozgun Gokce, Martin Dichgans, Peter U. Heuschmann, Kinta Hatakeyama, Eduardo Beltrán, Sebastian Clauss, Boyan Bonev, Christian Schulz, Arthur Liesz.
   
   
7. A novel JAK inhibitor cream, Delgocitinib, improved hand eczema in two randomised trials, in people not responding to other treatments (like corticosteroids).
   Efficacy and safety of delgocitinib cream in adults with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema (DELTA 1 and DELTA 2): results from multicentre, randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trials.
   Authors: Robert Bissonnette, Richard B Warren, Andreas Pinter, Tove Agner, Melinda Gooderham, Marie L A Schuttelaar, Marie-Noëlle Crépy, Luca Stingeni, Esther Serra-Baldrich, Keith Baranowski, Sofie Korn, Merle Kurvits, Ursula Plohberger, Natacha Strange Vest, Sibylle Schliemann.
   
   
8. Bispecific CAR T cells targeting two different antigens – BCMA and GPRC5D – showed promising activity in patients with multiple myeloma not responding to other therapies.
   Anti-BCMA/GPRC5D bispecific CAR T cells in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: a single-arm, single-centre, phase 1 trial.
   Authors: Dian Zhou, Qian Sun, Jieyun Xia, Weiying Gu, Jun Qian, Wanchuan Zhuang, Zhiling Yan, Hai Cheng, Wei Chen, Feng Zhu, Kunming Qi, Depeng Li, Wei Sang, Lili Zhu, Sha Ma, Hujun Li, Huanxin Zhang, Tingting Qiu, Dongmei Yan, Yanlei Zhang, Shuixiu Peng, Alex H Chang, Kailin Xu, Zhenyu Li.
   
   
9. Delicate inhibition of IL-23, by targeting the p19 subunit, prevented gut inflammation, improved rates of remission vs. placebo, and adds to the arsenal of options for ulcerative colitis.
   Monoclonal Antibody Risankizumab for Ulcerative Colitis.
   Author: Gilaad G. Kaplan.
   
   
10. Some of the first long-term (12 month) data for thrombectomy (mechanical clot removal) in large ischaemic strokes. Thrombectomy led to better functional outcomes than medical therapy at 12 months, and increased survival.
    Endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke with established large infarct (TENSION): 12-month outcomes of a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial.
    Authors: Gotz Thomalla, Jens Fiehler, Fabien Subtil, Susanne Bonekamp, Anne Hege Aamodt, Blanca Fuentes, Elke R Gizewski, Michael D Hill, Antonin Krajina, Laurent Pierot, Claus Z Simonsen, Kamil Zelenak, Rolf A Blauenfeldt, Bastian Cheng, Angelique Denis, Hannes Deutschmann, Franziska Dorn, Fabian Flottmann, Susanne Gellißen, Johannes C Gerber, Mayank Goyal, Jozef Haring, Christian Herweh, Silke Hopf-Jensen, Vi Tuan Hua, Märit Jensen, Andreas Kastrup, Christiane Fee Keil, Andrej Klepanec, Egon Kurca, Ronni Mikkelsen, Markus Mohlenbruch, Stefan Muller-Hulsbeck, Nico Munnich, Paolo Pagano, Panagiotis Papanagiotou, Gabor C Petzold, Mirko Pham, Volker Puetz, Jan Raupach, Gernot Reimann, Peter Arthur Ringleb, Maximilian Schell, Eckhard Schlemm, Silvia Schonenberger, Bjorn Tennoe, Christian Ulfert, Katerina Valis, Eva Vítkova, Dominik F Vollherbst, Wolfgang Wick, Martin Bendszus.
    
    

Let me know if I’ve missed anything, or if there’s anything different that you would add!”

Source: Samuel Hume/X