International HPV Awareness Day: Educating for a Healthier Future

Today OncoDaily is joining the oncology community to recognize International HPV Awareness Day, which is celebrated every March 4th. This day serves as a global initiative to educate and raise awareness about Human Papillomavirus (HPV), its transmission, and its role in causing cancers. By focusing on preventative measures, we encourage both individuals and governments to take action to protect public health.

HPV-related cancers, such as cervical, anal, and throat cancers, can be prevented through vaccination and regular screenings. Spreading awareness about these preventive tools can drastically reduce the number of HPV-related cancer cases worldwide.

Since 2018, March 4th has served as an opportunity to promote key information and encourage preventive actions that could save lives.

What You Need to Know About HPV and Its Risks

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, affecting areas such as the skin, genital region, and throat. It’s estimated that nearly all sexually active individuals will be exposed to HPV during their lifetime, often without experiencing any symptoms. While the immune system typically clears the infection, persistent exposure to certain high-risk strains of HPV can lead to abnormal cell growth, increasing the risk of developing cancer.

According to WHO cervical cancer, is the fourth most common cancer in women globally, with approximately 660,000 new cases and 350,000 deaths in 2022. The highest incidence and mortality rates are seen in low- and middle-income countries, where access to HPV vaccinations, screenings, and treatment remains limited. Social and economic disparities further exacerbate these challenges, particularly among women living with HIV, who are six times more likely to develop cervical cancer.

HPV Types and Associated Cancer Risks

There are over 200 types of HPV, categorized into low-risk and high-risk types. High-risk types, particularly HPV 16 and 18, are responsible for the majority of HPV-related cancers, including cervical, anal, throat, penile, vaginal, and vulvar cancers.

While low-risk types can cause genital warts and sometimes lead to conditions like respiratory papillomatosis (which can cause breathing difficulties), they are less likely to result in cancer. High-risk strains, however, can cause persistent infections that may lead to cancer in the areas they infect.

Key Preventive Measures Against HPV-Related Cancers

Public education and access to preventive services are crucial to reducing the prevalence of HPV-related diseases. Here are some of the most effective preventive measures:

Vaccination: The most effective way to protect against HPV infection and HPV-related cancers. The vaccine is recommended for both girls and boys aged 9–14, ideally before they become sexually active. WHO reports that as of 2023, six HPV vaccines are available globally, targeting the high-risk types 16 and 18, which cause most cases of cervical cancer.

Screening: Regular cervical screenings starting at age 30 (or age 25 for women living with HIV) can detect precancerous changes and allow for early intervention. Screening is recommended every 5–10 years, depending on your risk factors and the type of test.

Watch the video about How the HPV vaccine works by the WHO European region.

Other preventive measures include smoking cessation, as reducing tobacco use can lower the risk of developing HPV-related cancers. Using condoms during sexual activity, while not eliminating the risk, can help reduce the likelihood of HPV transmission. Additionally, voluntary male circumcision has been shown to decrease the risk of HPV transmission, further contributing to infection prevention.

Cervical Screening and Treatment of Precancerous Lesions

Cervical cancer is highly treatable when diagnosed early, making timely medical attention crucial. Women experiencing symptoms such as unusual bleeding between periods, after menopause, or following intercourse; increased or foul-smelling vaginal discharge; persistent pain in the back, legs, or pelvis; unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or loss of appetite; as well as vaginal discomfort or swelling in the legs should consult a healthcare provider promptly. Early evaluation and diagnosis can significantly improve treatment outcomes.

Regular cervical screening, including Pap tests and HPV testing, is essential in detecting precancerous lesions before they develop into full-blown cervical cancer. For most women, screenings should begin at age 30 and continue every 5–10 years. Women living with HIV should start screening at age 25 and have it done every 3 years. If a test is positive, further investigations for abnormal cells are carried out, and if necessary, treatment to remove these cells will be initiated.

Watch OncoDaily’s interview with Dr. Carolyn Kay about HPV Self-Collection for Cervical Cancer.

Treatment options for precancerous lesions include thermal ablation, which uses heat to destroy abnormal tissue, and cryotherapy, a technique that freezes abnormal cells to eliminate them. Another effective method is the Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP), where an electrically heated loop removes abnormal tissue. In some cases, a cone biopsy may be performed, involving the surgical removal of a cone-shaped section of abnormal tissue. Early detection and timely intervention significantly improve outcomes in preventing cervical cancer progression.

It’s critical to seek medical advice. Testing and early diagnosis can lead to successful treatment, which may involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and palliative care for pain relief.

With proper management and timely interventions, the prognosis for cervical cancer can be significantly improved.

Prevention is in our hands.

Raising awareness about HPV prevention and cervical cancer is essential in reducing the global burden of HPV-related diseases. Through widespread vaccination, regular screenings, and timely treatment, countless lives can be saved. Empowering individuals with knowledge and ensuring access to preventive measures are key steps toward eliminating cervical cancer. On International HPV Awareness Day, let’s commit to spreading the message, advocating for better healthcare access, and taking proactive steps to protect ourselves and future generations. Prevention is in our hands.

Around the world, numerous organizations, communities, and people are uniting to raise awareness about HPV. Here are some highlights from social media that showcase the enthusiasm and commitment driving the campaign: 

European Cancer Organisation

“Today is HPV Awareness Day!

Vaccination and regular screenings can provide lifelong protection against the 6+ types of cancer caused by the human papillomavirus.

Now more than ever it’s important to learn the facts and spread the word to friends and family

By coming together, we can make HPV-related cancers hashtag#OneLessWorry for everyone. Join us!

Read more here.”

Medicaid Cancer Foundation

“HPV is the World’s Most Viral Secret: Let’s #AskAboutHPV.

On this International HPV Awareness Day, we stand united in shedding light on the Human Papillomavirus (HPV)—a common virus that affects 4 out of 5 people at some point in their lives.

Why is this important?

• HPV is linked to several types of cancer, including cervical, throat, and genital cancers.
• Many HPV-related cancers are preventable through vaccination and regular screening.

Our Commitment

At Medicaid Cancer Foundation, we envision a future free from HPV-related diseases. We are dedicated to:
• Educating our community about HPV and its potential risks.
• Promoting the importance of vaccination for both boys and girls.
• Encouraging regular screenings to detect and prevent HPV-related cancers.

Take Action Today

• Get Vaccinated: Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting the HPV vaccine.
• Stay Informed: Learn more about HPV and share this knowledge with others.
• Join the Conversation: Use the #AskAboutHPV to raise awareness and inspire action.

Together, we can unveil the secrets of HPV and work towards a healthier, cancer-free future.”

Vincent Tong, Managing Director of MSD in Taiwan

“This evening, Taipei 101 will be illuminated with a special message in recognition of International HPV Awareness Day, dedicated to promoting awareness and understanding of human papillomavirus (HPV).

At MSD, we are committed to making a significant impact in addressing the burden of HPV-related cancers and diseases. It is essential for everyone— regardless of gender or age — to understand the risks associated with HPV and the proactive steps we can take to safeguard our health and that of those around us.

Let’s begin by spreading awareness and working together to build a healthier future.”