Andrea Maliachi: The p value, its limitations and misleading use in medical research

Andrea Maliachi, Medical specialist at the National Cancer Institute, shared on X:

“Not shiny new, still a gem.

The p value, its limitations and misleading use in medical research.

‘p is the outcome of a test that tests the probability of rejecting H0. The smaller P, the stronger the evidence for rejecting H.’

So… p is a measure of probability, not a binary outcome.

The P Value – Donts and Dos:

Don’t conclude ‘p<0.05 statistically significant’

Report p value as continuous number.
Remember this value has nothing to do with the ‘significance’ of presented results.

Don’t base results/conclusions solely on p value.

Take into account: Sample size, Effect size, Power, uncertainty, design and methods, CIs, pre-planned vs posthoc, other data and previous research as well.”

Additional information.
Source: Andrea Maliachi/X