Early-Onset Gastrointestinal Cancers and Metabolic Risk Factors: Global Trends From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
The article “Early-Onset Gastrointestinal Cancers and Metabolic Risk Factors: Global Trends From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021” was published online in Mayo Clinic Proceedings on February 11, 2025.
The study was authored by Pojsakorn Danpanichkul, Kanokphong Suparan, Thanida Auttaprachac, Primrose Tothanarungroj, Siwanart Kongarin, Krittameth Rakwong, Darren Jun Hao Tan, Banthoon Sukphutanan, Mark D. Muthiah, Daniel Tung, Junpeng Luo, Asahiro Morishita, En Ying Tan, Hirokazu Takahashi, Omar Y. Mousa, Rashid N. Lui, Mazen Noureddin, Donghee Kim, Denise M. Harnois, Ju Dong Yang, Lewis R. Roberts, Michael B. Wallace and Karn Wijarnpreecha.
Early-onset gastrointestinal (GI) cancer accounted for 9.51% of all GI cancer cases and 7.73% of total GI cancer deaths. Over the years, there has been a notable rise in early-onset colorectal and biliary tract cancers. The increasing mortality rates in recent decades are largely driven by metabolic risk factors, such as obesity and diabetes.
This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to examine the impact of early-onset gastrointestinal (GI) cancers – those diagnosed in people aged 15 to 49. In 2021, there were about 499,800 new cases, 285,900 deaths, and 14.01 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) linked to these cancers. Early-onset GI cancers made up 9.51% of all GI cancer cases and 7.73% of GI cancer deaths that year.
From 2000 to 2021, the incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer and biliary tract cancer increased, with annual percent changes of 0.84% and 0.19%, respectively. In 2021 alone, 20,860 deaths from early-onset GI cancer were attributed to metabolic risk factors like diabetes and high body mass index. Death rates tied to these risk factors rose across all early-onset GI cancer types, highlighting the growing burden of metabolic health issues on cancer outcomes.
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