Iván González, Medical Oncologist at Comprehensive Oncology Center of the Hospital Ángeles Puebla, shared on X/Twitter:

“A comprehensive review of immune system adverse events due to cancer immunotherapy explored the complex pathogenic mechanisms and clinical manifestations. ICIs have revolutionized cancer treatment by boosting the anti-tumor immune response. However, this immune stimulation can trigger autoimmune responses, known as immune-related adverse events (IRAE).
This review addresses the loss of self-tolerance due to ICIs, especially CTLA4 and PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and their role in immune modulation that may lead to evasion of self-tolerance checkpoints.

• Importantly, while most ICI-induced toxicities are mild and manageable, less than 10% can be severe and require urgent medical attention.
• SARIs can affect a wide range of organs, with neurological, cardiovascular, hematological, rheumatic, cutaneous, and gastrointestinal manifestations among the most common.
• Diagnosing SARIs can be challenging due to the non-specificity of their signs and symptoms, as well as their overlap with primary autoimmune disorders. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the pathophysiology and clinical similarities is required to make an accurate differential diagnosis.

Given the increasing use of ICI in cancer treatment, there is a need for more clinical research and education for both clinicians and patients about the risks and management of IRAEs.”

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Source: Iván González/X